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Short answers on grid losses, Scope 2, costs and carbon rules for energy and utility companies. To see them worked out with your own data, book a demo.
Carbonova connects SCADA, meter and ERP data to CarbonOS, a platform of AI agents that calculates emissions from generation, network losses and vehicle fleets, flags anomalies in metering and consumption, and ranks measures by cost per tonne of CO₂ avoided. For generation assets, Carbonova Build, in early access, adds prescriptive maintenance. The same dataset feeds GHG Protocol, ISSB-aligned and customer reporting.
In thermal generation, from burning gas, coal or oil; in networks, from energy losses, which the company that owns or controls the transmission or distribution system reports in Scope 2, and from SF₆ leaks in gas-insulated equipment. Each kilowatt-hour generated worldwide emitted 435 gCO₂ on average in 2025 (IEA, 2026), so the same loss weighs far more on fossil-heavy grids.
Grid-connected electricity generators are covered by the Safeguard Mechanism through a collective sectoral baseline for the whole sector (Clean Energy Regulator). They also report emissions and energy under NGER, and large energy companies report Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions under AASB S2, which applied to Group 2 entities from reporting periods starting on or after 1 July 2026.
Each megawatt-hour of renewable electricity creates one large-scale generation certificate, which retailers buy to meet the Renewable Energy Target until it ends in 2030; LGCs ended the June 2026 quarter at a spot price of $7 (Clean Energy Regulator, 2026). Since 3 November 2025, REGO certificates have run alongside them. Carbonova’s planning agent compares certificate revenue with the savings from cutting losses and fuel use.
The GHG Protocol is revising Scope 2: its consultation on hourly matching and deliverability for market-based reporting closed on 31 January 2026, a second consultation is due in 2026 and the final standard is expected in 2027. CarbonOS keeps energy data and versioned emission factors, so the inventory can be recalculated when the rules change without collecting the data again.
Signal Ingest connects SCADA, meters, IoT sensors, ERP systems such as SAP or Oracle and energy and fuel invoices, then normalises and versions generation, loss and consumption data. Proof Engine keeps each number’s lineage back to its source, with versioned emission factors and a change history, in line with the ISO 14064-3 verification standard, which makes third-party verification easier.