Supply Chain.

Supply Chain is the CarbonOS agent that manages Scope 3 emissions, from purchasing to logistics, across the 15 GHG Protocol categories. It collects supplier data through questionnaires and automated campaigns, scores each supplier’s climate risk in scorecards and calculates transport and distribution emissions to support route, mode and load-consolidation choices.

It serves procurement, sustainability, logistics and compliance teams in sectors such as retail, chemicals, agribusiness and export manufacturing, whose customers ask for product footprints. According to the GHG Protocol, most corporate emissions come from Scope 3 sources, outside a company’s own operations. Without supplier data, a company is left with generic estimates and cannot see where to cut or what to tell customers and investors.

Signal Ingest brings in purchasing records and invoices from ERP systems such as SAP and Oracle, and freight data from TMS and WMS systems. The agent classifies that data into Scope 3 categories, applies versioned emission factors and prioritises the suppliers where impact and uncertainty are highest. Automated campaigns request the missing data, and every number keeps its lineage back to the source.

Mandatory climate reporting under AASB S2 requires Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions. Group 1 entities report for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025, Group 2 from 1 July 2026 and Group 3 from 1 July 2027. The Scope 3 relief covers only an entity’s first reporting period, so supplier and value-chain data are needed from the second year onwards.

Signal Ingest brings in purchasing and freight data, Carbon Intelligence consolidates Scope 3 into the inventory and the Proof Engine keeps the lineage of every number. Risk Management and Sentinel AI add climate risk and satellite signals on suppliers, and Compliance Hub carries the data into reports such as CSRD, CBAM and EUDR. The Decarbonization Planner adds supplier actions to the reduction roadmap, and CircularOS handles secondary raw materials.

Start with the data you already have. For purchased goods and services, the GHG Protocol accepts four methods: supplier-specific, hybrid, average-data and spend-based, the last applying emission factors to the amount spent (GHG Protocol, 2013). The agent starts from purchasing records to estimate the category, then replaces estimates with supplier data as campaigns bring responses, beginning where impact and uncertainty are highest.